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How long
5–20 minutes depending on the scope used.
Radiation
None.
Preparation
A urine test is usually done first to confirm there is no active infection. Local anaesthetic gel is used.

What it can show

Inflammation, stones, tumours and bleeding points in the bladder and urethra. Biopsies can be taken.

What it cannot show

Does not show the kidneys or upper ureters — that requires ultrasound or CT.

This is the half people skip. A normal result answers one question, not every question.

Tell the staff before you start

Current urinary infection · blood thinners · known urethral stricture · anaesthetic allergy.

Also bring the full list of every medicine and supplement you take. Things bought without a prescription belong on that list too.

Worth asking

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